26 de julio de 2024

Intoxicación por consumo de achuras: confirmaron leptospirosis en dos de los afectados

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El Ministerio de Salud bonaerense informó que uno de los muertos y uno de los internados contrajeron la enfermedad que se transmite por contacto con orina de animales infectados, a través del agua, comida y/o materiales contaminados.

La investigación y los estudios clínicos realizados a los dos de los fallecidos y a los dos intoxicados que fueron internados en el Hospital Evita de Berazategui, a raíz de la ingesta de achuras y carnes contaminadas a fines de enero, revelaron más datos médicos del incidente.

Los casos de contaminación por el consumo de achuras en mal estado nos recuerdan la importancia de seguir las recomendaciones de conservación, transporte, empleo y consumo de los alimentos para prevenir enfermedades que pueden llegar a ser fatales.

Esta mañana, el Ministerio de Salud de la provincia de Buenos Aires advirtió “un posible brote intoxicación alimentario”, debido al antecedente común de ingesta de carne y derivados y confirmó la existencia de leptospirosis, además de salmonella y shigella.

“Se halló leptospirosis en dos de los casos (un varón de 36 años, fallecido, y un varón de 47 años internado)”, indicó la cartera sanitaria. Asimismo, precisó que en los domicilios de los casos con diagnóstico de leptospirosis se realizó control de roedores a través de la colocación de cebo en puntos estratégicos de la casa y se efectuaron también, análisis serológicos a los tres perros pertenecientes a la familia del caso fallecido, que resultaron negativos.

Según explica el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, la leptospirosis es una enfermedad producida por una bacteria que puede estar presente en la orina de ciertos animales como roedores, perros, vacas, cerdos, caballos y animales silvestres. El contagio se produce por el contacto directo con la orina de un animal infectado, o con agua y/o ambientes contaminados con dicha orina. Dado que la bacteria sobrevive en lugares húmedos y protegidos de la luz, el riesgo de contraerla aumenta si se producen inundaciones o al desarrollar actividades recreativas en ríos, lagos, lagunas, arroyos (como nadar, pescar, acampar, o realizar deportes náuticos).

Salmonella y shigella: cómo prevenir el contagio por carne y achuras contaminadas
A raíz de la muerte de dos personas en Berazategui circularon informaciones falsas. Qué tener en cuenta al preparar la comida de todos los días.

“Las bacterias denominadas leptospiras se eliminan por la orina de los animales infectados contaminando el ambiente. Los reservorios pueden ser: roedores, perros, bovinos, ovinos, porcinos, equinos, caprinos, animales silvestres”, afirmó el ministerio sanitario bonaerense en un comunicado. Y agregó: “La puerta de entrada de estas bacterias al organismo son las mucosas y la piel macerada. Los síntomas de dicha patología son: fiebre aguda, con cefalea, mialgia, a veces seguido de ictericia, meningitis, nefropatía, neumonía y hemorragias”.

También subrayó que en la carnicería identificada se realizó el decomiso de alimentos (carne picada y preparación para milanesas), así como en el transporte distribuidor (achuras). El Instituto Nacional de Alimentos (INAL) de la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT) realizó el análisis de las muestras, informando la ausencia de Salmonella y Escherichia Coli.

La leptospirosis se manifiesta en principio como un cuadro gripal con fiebre, dolor de cabeza, dolores musculares y malestar general
La leptospirosis se manifiesta en principio como un cuadro gripal con fiebre, dolor de cabeza, dolores musculares y malestar general.

Los datos clínicos de los cuatro afectados:

  • Varón de 48 años, fallecido el 12 de enero, cuyo cuadro de diarrea se inició el 8 de enero, con diagnóstico de Salmonella Tiphymurium en materia fecal.

Varón de 36 años, con antecedente de diarrea, internado el 16 de enero con shock séptico, fallecido el 17 de enero, con diagnóstico de Salmonella y Shigella en materia fecal, y confirmación de leptospirosis.

Varón de 40 años, que inició síntomas el 14 de enero, fue internado con diagnóstico de erisipela y diarrea por Salmonella, y fue dado de alta el 30 de enero con buena evolución (Vinculado al caso 1 por haber comprado en la misma carnicería)

Varón de 47 años, que comenzó con el cuadro el día 17/1, internado el 20 de enero con shock séptico, que presentó buena evolución también se confirmó leptospirosis. En este caso no se aislaron bacterias patógenas en materia fecal.

La leptospirosis es una enfermedad producida por una bacteria que puede estar presente en la orina de ciertos animales como roedores, perros, vacas, cerdos, caballos y animales silvestres (CDC/ Rob Weyant, PhD, MS)

Las principales medidas de prevención y cuidado de la leptospirosis son las siguientes:
-Evitar la acumulación de agua en domicilios. -Evitar el contacto con aguas y superficies que puedan estar contaminadas.

-Eliminar basura y escombros para que no se transformen en refugio de roedores.

-Mantener los residuos en recipientes cerrados de preferencia lejos del suelo para evitar que sean fuente de alimento para roedores.

-Almacenar los alimentos en lugares secos y frescos, dentro de frascos, envases de plástico o lata con tapa a más de 50 cm del suelo (no usar bolsas para guardarlos ya que los roedores las rompen fácilmente).

-Fortalecer la higiene en el hogar, y tapar los orificios de las viviendas por donde puedan ingresar roedores.

-Desinfectar con lavandina diluida los lugares donde se observó tránsito de roedores, o puede haber restos de heces u orina de roedores utilizando guantes y botas. Evitar barrer o realizar acciones que puedan levantar el polvo.

-Realizar control de roedores en domicilios.

-Utilizar guantes y botas de goma para realizar tareas de desratización, desmalezado o limpieza de baldíos. Los trabajadores en riesgo ocupacional deben adoptar estas pautas especialmente. Ante la aparición de los síntomas descritos anteriormente, se debe consultar rápidamente al servicio de salud más cercano.

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